The agdal system of traditional resource management in morocco 11 box 2. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. In developing countries, increased population growth within urban centers can lead to densely packed housing and inadequate water supplies. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent nonforested land use such as agriculture, grazing or urban development van kooten and bulte, 2000. Urban sprawl, an issue of growing concern introduction when cities grow, the surrounding land and the natural green areas are engulfed to build houses, roads, pathways, to match the needs and desires of the inhabitant population.
Urbanization can affect the incidence of microbial disease both positively and negatively. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. Most of this forest elimination has been caused by agricultural colonization that followed the discovery of oil. The results showed that there was 100% urban deforestation in the study area caused by urban new extensions and development. On the other hand, deforestation and suburban sprawl have substantially changed. For instance, in local communities and urban centers, it can be done around market areas, in gamewildlife reserves, or within city parks. The puncturing of the ozone layer, rampant deforestation, developmental projects, drying up of river bodies, and pollution of the atmosphere are destroying the capacity of human kind to survive on this planet. Deforestation affects biodiversity in a number of ways. These greenhouse gas emissions contribute to rising temperatures, changes in patterns of weather and water, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events. A global analysis of deforestation due to biofuel development. This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and india.
A forest stand is a close community of trees sufficient in size, composition and location to distinguish it. Deforestation and its effects on greenhouse gas emissions are outcomes of economic activity and rapid urbanization, whether it be by rural farmers, corporate entities, or city customers. Defries1, thomas rudel2, maria uriarte1 and matthew hansen3 reducing atmospheric carbon emissions from tropical deforestation is at present considered a costeffective option for mitigatingclimatechange. Deforestation facts and information national geographic.
Deforestation is an ongoing phenomenon in nigeria and is becoming more visible with increasing population and urbanization in almost of parts of the country. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of forest to another land use or the longterm reduction of tree canopy cover below the 10% threshold. Deforestation is a major driver of terrestrial habitat loss and habitat fragmentation and contributes to global warming. In contrast, an area only onetenth that size was regained due to reforestation efforts and natural regrowth. Pdf this paper inspects the deforestation of trabzon in turkey, due to urbanization, between 2006 and 2016. Replanting, therefore, qualifies restorative measure of deforestation. Greentumbles writer deogracias has described how is the problem of deforestation linked to the livelihood of some people in his country, malawi.
It is well known that deforestation is a big problem in the world today, with hundreds and even thousands of vulnerable forest being cut down both for tinder and to make way for arable farmland for cows and other livestock. Identify the impact that humans have had on earth, such as deforestation, urbanization, desertification, erosion, air and water quality, changing the flow of water. It was a logical conclusion that the migration of peoples from rural places to the city would mean that deforestation would decelerate. Three of them are incomebased groups namely low, middle and highincome panels, and the remaining two. Shares of total primary energy supply in 2008 percent 28 boxes box 1. Africa, a continent exceptionally rich in biodiversity, is rapidly urbanizing. The ecuadorian amazon, one of the richest reserves of biodiversity in the world myers et al. Underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation 17 box 3. Forests can play a major role in climate regulation by reducing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Africas urbanization is manifest in the growth of its megacities as well as that of its smaller towns and cities.
Deforestation is linked to urbanization in a process leading to the high population density, which makes the cities or societies becoming more urban. The state of the world population 2007 report, released by the united nations six years ago, estimated that more than half of the worlds population would have lived in cities and towns by the following year. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Assessment of environmental impact of deforestation in. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and. Drivers of deforestation deforestation drivers can be divided into socalled immediate and underpinning drivers. Urbanization and deforestation are linked together for a variety of reasons.
Deforestation is specially serious in places as the amazon. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The earth is home to innumerable number of living species.
However, with more urbanization there is more deforestation. The drivers of tropical deforestation have shifted in the early 21st century to hinge on growth of cities and the globalized agricultural trade, a new largescale study concludes. Farming, grazing of livestock, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation. Urban and residential area expansion cause significant forest loss, both in the consumption of building materials and as a source of land. Urban development and urban deforestation ideasrepec. But in a new study published in nature geoscience by scientists at columbias e3b department, researchers found that deforestation is now driven largely by urbanization and trade. Urbanization and deforestation march 5, 2010 by dan asin. The conservation planning and practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of the continents urbanization. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. The researchers cite work showing how ruralto urban migration in the 1980s and 1990s perhaps reduced demographicpressureinduced deforestation in those decades, however, from 2000 to 2005, there. Urban development and deforestation university of khartoum. One of the most immediate effects is the loss of habitat of many species of animals. The main three causes of those phenomena that suffer the environment are industrial development, climate imbalance, and.
Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to nonforest land use such as arable land, urban use, logged area or wasteland. The 1972, 1987, 2000, 2005 and 2010 land sat tm satellite rs were used to assess elobeid towns urban deforestation. During the last two decades, agricultural expansion, logging, development, and other human activities caused the deforestation of more than 120,000 square kilometers each year. Since then, urban areas have continued to grow in both developed and developing countries. This study empirically explores the linkage between urbanization and deforestation while controlling for the role of energy consumption, trade openness, and economic growth within. When in india, i have faced food shortages and sometimes the market prices of some food items tomato in recent times would be so high that indirectly, consumption is controlled and people resort to using alternative products or eliminate. Deforestation can also be counteracted through awareness and sensitization. How resource extraction is leading to urban growth in the brazilian amazon dr.
Estimated deforestation, by type of forest and time period 9 figure 3. Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are.
Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestation related issues to solve. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. Pam blanchard last updated on 8192017 deforestation page 2. More broadly, we argue that urbanization in the amazon is better. The hope that a majority urban population would slow the clearing of tropical forests our most effective. Deforestation due to urbanization can be controlled by changing lifestyle trends of the urban population. The impact of deforestation, urbanization, public investments, and agriculture on human welfare in the brazilian amazonia. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twentyfirst century.
Deforestation has so many negative consequences on the environment. Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twenty. Alternative ways of measuring wealth and human well. Climatic changes due to urbanisation and deforestation. The underpinning drivers are geist and lambin, 2002 see figure 1. How urban consumption lies at the root of deforestation greenbiz. This study aims to determine the effects of deforestation, economic growth, and urbanization on carbon dioxide co2 emissions levels in the south and southeast asian ssea regions for the 19902014 period. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. As population grows, the need for agricultural land has also increased over the years. Environmental management amidst energy use, urbanization.
Forests also provide a range of other ecological goods and services such as biodiversity and watershed protection and amenity benefits. Urbanisation, deforestation and climate change climate. The impact of deforestation on biodiversity in nigeria is seen in terms of loss of valuable plant species, reduced plant biomass, extinction of animal species. Deforestation, due to fires and urbanization is a major issue. On the other hand, deforestation and suburban sprawl have substantially changed and fragmented our landscape. The top 10 countries experiencing the greatest forest loss have large populations, many of which continue to grow rapidly table 1. Impacts of deforestation on the loss of biodiversity zambrut. The journal nature geoscience recently published a study comparing the impacts of rural and urban population growth on deforestation. Urbanization, export crops drive deforestation sciencedaily. Motorized vehicles guzzling petrol and diesel emit volumes of carbon dioxide into the air. Peter richards, institute at brown for environment and society, population studies and training center, brown university, phone. The urbanization and deforestation class discussion focused on four major causes of deforestation.
Deforestation, clearing or thinning of forests by humans to make the land available for other uses. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. This spread of urban areas into rural area, farmlands and forests on outer edges of a city is referred as urban sprawl. Trees may be removed from particular areas in order to make various wood products, to clear land for new buildings or roads, or for creating new farming or grazing land. Urbanization has forced man to acquire huge forest areas. Learn about historical and modern deforestation and its effects. About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests. In general, areas of high population growth overlap with those that have experienced high forest loss over the years figure 1.
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